Factors that depend on impact of a hazard: population density, wealth of the economy, land use, ground type, built environment, demographics
Spatial distribution- these form along 5 degrees North and South of the equator and where the waters are above 26.5 degrees for an extended period of time.
Magnitude- this is measured by the Saffir Simpson scale where it’s placed into a category from one to five. wind speeds have to be above 74 mph to qualify for a tropical storm status, otherwise it’s known as a tropical depression.
Frequency- there appears to be no pattern that these are increasing in frequency despite climate change leading to warmer oceans hence in theory leading to an increase in frequency.
Predictability- these are not predictable but using satellites are able to monitor the conditions needed for a potential storm to form. They form when ocean temperatures are at least 26.5 degrees, so are more likely to form between August and September. In addition, when a storm forms it can be tracked an modelled to show the direction that the storm would take which can aid preparedness. Though, the closest landfall it is, the more accurate the predictions will be, but less time for any successful evacuation to take place
Risk Management
- Mitigation- having sea walls to reflect wave energy, automatic shut off valves for sewage to prevent leaks
- Adaptation- covering windows with boards, having emergency supplies
- Preparedness trained workers and educating the civilian population
- Prevention- can’t prevent a hazard, contract the conditions needed for storm using satellites, then once the path of the storm is tracked, then evacuations can then be made accordingly.