Primary hazards
- Ground shaking- where the surface waves which are released causes the ground to shake and can cause a large amount of damage if the properties or not built to with stand it.
- Ground rupture- this is when the ground breaks open and creates craters craters in the ground . This is not damaging unless someone falls into it
Secondary hazards
- Soil liquefaction- where the ground shaking causes water looks soils to rise to the surface in create pools of water to collect on the surface. This can cause buildings to sink.
- Wildfires- where the ground shaking causes gas pipes to burst which can cause a fire even while being in transit by the water. The San Francisco earthquake in 1908 led to fires which burned for three consecutive days.
- Tsunami’s- this is when oceanic margins, the release of energy causes the water to displace vertically upwards. This can create initially larger waves then as it moves towards the coastline becomes even bigger in size like the Boxing Day tsunami which caused 10 metre high waves to reach Sumatra and four metre waves in Thailand and Sri Lanka.
- Landslides- the ground shaking in a mountainous area can cause pieces of rock to become dislodged and become a landslide posing a hazard to those living near the bottom of the mountain.